HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN (Present Simple) – Công thức_dấu hiệu_bài tập có đáp án chi tiết
Hiện tại đơn là gì?
Định nghĩa: Hiện tại đơn là thì được sử dụng để diễn tả một thói quen/hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong hiện tại hoặc chân lý, điều hiển nhiên.
Đây là dạng thì đơn giản nhất nhưng là nền tảng để các bạn học các thì khác. Vì thế, các bạn cần chú ý thực hành đầy đủ để ghi nhớ bài học nữa nhé!
Cấu trúc thì hiện tại đơn: Hiện tại đơn được hình thành bằng cách sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu (V-infinitive) chưa qua bất kỳ biến đổi nào, đối với ngôi thứ ba số ít (he/she/it), động từ được thêm “s” hoặc “es” ở cuối.
Ví dụ:
I work (Tôi làm việc)
He works (Anh ta làm việc)
They play (Họ chơi)
Công thức hiện tại đơn
Câu khẳng định
ST | Động từ tobe | Động từ thường |
Công thức | S + am/ is/ are+ N/ Adj- I + am
– He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ không đếm được + is – You/ We/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + are |
S + V(s/es)
– I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + V(nguyên thể) – He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ không đếm được + V(s/es) |
Ví dụ | – I am an engineer. (Tôi là một kỹ sư.)
– He is a lecturer. (Ông ấy là một giảng viên.) – The car is expensive. (Chiếc ô tô này rất đắt tiền.) – They are students. (Họ là sinh viên.) |
– I often go to school on foot. (Tôi thường đi bộ đến trường.)
– She does yoga every evening. (Cô ấy tập yoga mỗi tối.) – The Sun sets in the West. (Mặt trời lặn ở hướng Tây.) |
Lưu ý:
– Với các từ có tận cùng là “o”, “ch”, “sh”, “x”, “s” thì khi dùng với ngôi số ít, thêm đuôi “es”. (go -goes; do – does; watch – watches; fix – fixes, miss – misses, wash – washes )
– Với các từ có tận cùng là “y” thì khi dùng với ngôi số ít, bỏ “y” và thêm đuôi “ies” (copy – copies; study – studies)
– Với các từ còn lại, thêm đuôi “s”. (see – sees; play – plays,…)
Câu phủ định
Động từ “to be” | Động từ chỉ hành động | |
Công thức | S + am/are/is + not +N/ Adj | S + do/ does + not + V(nguyên thể)
(Trong đó: “do”, “does” là các trợ động từ.) |
Chú ý
(Viết tắt) |
is not = isn’t
are not = aren’t |
do not = don’t
does not = doesn’t |
Ví dụ | • I am not an engineer. (Tôi không phải là một kỹ sư.)
• He is not (isn’t) a lecturer. (Ông ấy không phải là một giảng viên.) • The car is not (isn’t) expensive. (Chiếc ô tô không đắt tiền.) • They are not (aren’t) students. (Họ không phải là sinh viên.) |
• I do not (don’t) often go to school on foot. (Tôi không thường đi bộ đến trường.)
• She does not (doesn’t) do yoga every evening. (Cô ấy không tập yoga mỗi tối.) • The Sun does not (doesn’t) set in the South. (Mặt trời không lặn ở hướng Nam.) |
Đối với Câu phủ định, phần động từ thường, các bạn rất hay mắc phải lỗi thêm “s” hoặc “es” đằng sau động từ. Các bạn chú ý:
Chủ ngữ + don’t/ doesn’t + V (nguyên thể – không chia)
Ví dụ:
Câu sai: She doesn’t likes (Sai vì đã có “doesn’t” mà động từ “like” vẫn có đuôi “s”)
=> Câu đúng: She doesn’t like chocolate.
Câu nghi vấn
Câu nghi vấn sử dụng trợ động từ (Câu hỏi Yes/ No)
Động từ to “be” | Động từ chỉ hành động | |
Công thức | Q: Am/ Are/ Is (not) + S + N/Adj?
A: – Yes, S + am/ are/ is. – No, S + am not/ aren’t/ isn’t. |
Q: Do/ Does (not) + S + V (nguyên thể)?
A: – Yes, S + do/ does. – No, S + don’t/ doesn’t. |
Ví dụ | Q: Are you an engineer? (Bạn có phải là kỹ sư không?
A: Yes, I am. (Đúng vậy) No, I am not. (Không phải) |
Q: Does she go to work by taxi? (Cô ấy đi làm bằng taxi phải không?)
A: Yes, she does. (Có) No, she doesn’t. (Không) |
Câu nghi vấn sử dụng từ hỏi bắt đầu bằng Wh-
Động từ to “be” | Động từ chỉ hành động | |
Công thức | Wh- + am/ are/ is (not) + S + N/Adj? | Wh- + do/ does (not) + S + V (nguyên thể)….? |
Ví dụ | – Where are you from? (Bạn đến từ đâu?)
– Who are they? (Họ là ai?) |
– Where do you come from? (Bạn đến từ đâu?)
– What do you do? (Bạn làm nghề gì?) |
Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Trạng từ chỉ tần suất | |
always, constantly
usually, frequently often, occasionally |
sometimes
seldom, rarely every day/ week/ month … |
Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn:
Diễn tả sự thật, sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên, hay một thói quen:
I live in New York. (Tôi sống ở New York.)
She drinks coffee every morning. (Cô ấy uống cà phê mỗi sáng.)
Diễn tả một sự kiện, một hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nói:
He is busy right now. (Anh ta đang bận lúc này.)
We are studying for the exam. (Chúng tôi đang học cho kỳ thi.)
Diễn tả một sự thật khoa học, một quy luật tự nhiên:
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (Nước sôi ở 100 độ Celsius.)
The sun rises in the east. (Mặt trời mọc ở phía đông.)
Diễn tả một lịch trình, một thời gian biểu cố định:
The train departs at 9 AM. (Tàu khởi hành lúc 9 giờ sáng.)
The store opens at 8 AM and closes at 6 PM. (Cửa hàng mở cửa lúc 8 giờ sáng và đóng cửa lúc 6 giờ chiều.)
Diễn tả một sự thích, một ý chí, hoặc một suy nghĩ:
I like chocolate. (Tôi thích socola.)
She believes in hard work. (Cô ấy tin vào công việc chăm chỉ.)
bài tập tham khảo có đáp án
I.Đặt câu ở hỏi ở thì hiện tại đơn và trả lời
What is your name? – My name is [Your Name].
Where are you from? – I am from [Your Country/City].
Do you speak English? – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What do you do for a living? – I am a [Your Occupation].
Are you married? – Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
How old are you? – I am [Your Age] years old.
What is your favorite hobby? – My favorite hobby is [Your Hobby].
Do you have any siblings? – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What is your favorite food? – My favorite food is [Your Favorite Food].
Are you a student? – Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
What time do you wake up in the morning? – I usually wake up at [Wake-up Time].
Do you like to travel? – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What is your favorite color? – My favorite color is [Your Favorite Color].
Are you a morning person? – Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
What is your favorite TV show? – My favorite TV show is [Your Favorite Show].
Do you have any pets? – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What is your favorite movie? – My favorite movie is [Your Favorite Movie].
Are you a vegetarian? – Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
How many languages do you speak? – I speak [Number of Languages] languages.
What is your favorite music genre? – My favorite music genre is [Your Favorite Genre].
Do you play any musical instruments? – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What is your favorite book? – My favorite book is [Your Favorite Book].
Are you a sports fan? – Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Can you swim? – Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
What is your favorite season? – My favorite season is [Your Favorite Season].
Do you enjoy cooking? – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What is your favorite animal? – My favorite animal is [Your Favorite Animal].
Are you a coffee or tea person? – I am a [Coffee/Tea] person.
What is your favorite sport? – My favorite sport is [Your Favorite Sport].
Can you ride a bicycle? – Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
Do you have any allergies? – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What is your favorite holiday? – My favorite holiday is [Your Favorite Holiday].
Are you a morning or night person? – I am a [Morning/Night] person.
Do you enjoy gardening? – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What is your favorite type of music? – My favorite type of music is [Your Favorite Type].
Can you dance? – Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
II. Một số câu hỏi và bài tập về hiện tại đơn (present simple) kèm theo đáp án:
1. She ___________ (study) English every day.
Answers: studies
2.They ___________ (play) football on Sundays.
Answers: play
3.He usually ___________ (watch) TV in the evening.
Answers: watches
4.We ___________ (go) to the gym twice a week.
Answers: go
5.I ___________ (like) to eat pizza.
Answers: like
6.The sun ___________ (rise) in the east.
Answers: rises
7.They ___________ (work) in a hospital.
Answers: work
8.She never ___________ (drink) coffee.
Answers: drinks
9.He ___________ (brush) his teeth twice a day.
Answers: brushes
10.We ___________ (live) in this city.
Answers: live
11.It usually ___________ (rain) a lot in the winter.
Answers: rains
12.My brother ___________ (play) the guitar.
Answers: plays
13.She ___________ (teach) English at a school.
Answers: teaches
14.We ___________ (have) dinner at 7 o’clock.
Answers: have
15.He ___________ (read) books every night before bed.
Answers: reads
16.They ___________ (travel) to different countries every year.
Answers: travel
18.It ___________ (snow) in the mountains during winter.
Answers: snows
19.She ___________ (cook) dinner for her family.
Answers: cooks
20.We usually ___________ (get) up early in the morning.
Answers: get
21.He ___________ (run) in the park every morning.
Answers: runs
III.Dưới đây là một số câu hỏi và bài tập thêm về hiện tại đơn kèm theo đáp án:
1.My sister ___________ (work) as a nurse.
Answers: works
2.We ___________ (play) tennis every Saturday.
Answers: play
3.The train ___________ (arrive) at 8 o’clock.
Answers: arrives
4.He ___________ (not like) spicy food.
Answers: doesn’t like
5.They ___________ (travel) to Europe next month.
Answers: will travel
6.I ___________ (go) to the gym three times a week.
Answers: go
7.The shop ___________ (open) at 9 am and closes at 6 pm.
Answers: opens
8.She ___________ (watch) movies on weekends.
Answers: watches
9.We usually ___________ (have) breakfast at home.
Answers: have
10.He ___________ (not drink) coffee in the evening.
Answers: doesn’t drink
11.The bus ___________ (come) every 30 minutes.
Answers: comes
12.They ___________ (study) French at school.
Answers: study
13.She ___________ (play) the piano very well.
Answers: plays
14.We ___________ (not eat) meat. We are vegetarians.
Answers: don’t eat
15.The sun ___________ (set) in the west.
Answers: sets
16.He ___________ (work) in an office.
Answers: works
17.I ___________ (not watch) TV in the morning.
Answers: don’t watch
18.They ___________ (take) the bus to work every day.
Answers: take
19.She ___________ (read) a book before going to bed.
Answers: reads
20.We ___________ (live) in a small apartment.
Answers: live
III.Dưới đây là một số câu hỏi và bài tập về hiện tại đơn với các dạng khác nhau, kèm theo đáp án:
1.He ___________ (not speak) Spanish fluently.
Answers: doesn’t speak
2.How often ___________ they ___________ (go) to the cinema?
Answers: do, go
3.We ___________ (not have) any milk left in the fridge.
Answers: don’t have
4.The cat ___________ (sleep) on the couch.
Answers: is sleeping
5.What time ___________ the concert ___________ (start) tonight?
Answers: does, start
6.She ___________ (not believe) in ghosts.
Answers: doesn’t believe
7.How many cups of coffee ___________ he ___________ (drink) every day?
Answers: does, drink
8.I ___________ (usually, eat) breakfast at 7 o’clock in the morning.
Answers: usually eat
9.The train ___________ (leave) the station in five minutes.
Answers: is leaving
10.What ___________ she ___________ (do) for a living?
Answers: does, do
11.My parents ___________ (visit) us next week.
Answers: are visiting
12They ___________ (not wear) uniforms to school.
Answers: don’t wear
13.How often ___________ you ___________ (exercise) at the gym?
Answers: do, exercise
14.The sun ___________ (rise) in the east and ___________ (set) in the west.
Answers: rises, sets
15.What time ___________ the store ___________ (close) on weekdays?
Answers: does, close
16.She ___________ (work) as a teacher at a local school.
Answers: works
17.How many languages ___________ your friend ___________ (speak)?
Answers: does, speak
18.I ___________ (not go) to bed early on weekends.
Answers: don’t go
19.The bus ___________ (usually, arrive) on time.
Answers: usually arrives
20.___________ they ___________ (play) tennis right now?
Answers: Are, playing
IV.một số bài tập thêm về hiện tại đơn, mỗi câu hỏi được đưa ra dưới dạng chọn câu đúng (a, b, c, d), kèm theo đáp án:
1._______ your sister live in London? a) Does b) Do c) Is d) Are
Answer: a) Does
2.My mother _______ coffee every morning. a) drinks b) drink c) is drinking d) do drink
Answer: a) drinks
3.They _______ to the park on Sundays. a) goes b) go c) is going d) are going
Answer: b) go
4.What time _______ the movie start? a) does b) do c) is d) are
Answer: a) does
5.We _______ a new car last month. a) buys b) buy c) bought d) is buying
Answer: c) bought
6._______ you like pizza? a) Does b) Do c) Is d) Are
Answer: b) Do
7.She _______ tennis every Saturday. a) plays b) play c) is playing d) are playing
Answer: a) plays
8._______ your parents speak French? a) Does b) Do c) Is d) Are
Answer: b) Do
9.I _______ a shower every morning. a) takes b) take c) is taking d) are taking
Answer: b) take
10._______ they from Germany? a) Does b) Do c) Is d) Are
Answer: d) Are
11.Tom and Jane _______ to the party together. a) goes b) go c) is going d) are going
Answer: d) are going
12._______ she speak Spanish fluently? a) Does b) Do c) Is d) Are
Answer: a) Does
13.The sun _______ in the east. a) rises b) rise c) is rising d) are rising
Answer: a) rises
14._______ you like to watch movies? a) Does b) Do c) Is d) Are
Answer: b) Do
15.My sister _______ at a hospital. a) works b) work c) is working d) are working
Answer: a) works
V.Một số bài tập về hiện tại đơn dưới dạng chọn lỗi sai và sửa thành đúng, kèm theo đáp án:
1.She don’t like coffee. a) don’t b) doesn’t
Answer: b) doesn’t
2He usually go to the gym on weekends. a) go b) goes
Answer: b) goes
3.Do you goes to school by bus? a) goes b) go
Answer: b) go
4.The sun rise in the west. a) rise b) rises
Answer: b) rises
5.We doesn’t have any milk left. a) doesn’t b) don’t
Answer: b) don’t
6.Does they speak English fluently? a) Does b) Do
Answer: b) Do
7.He don’t eat meat. a) don’t b) doesn’t
Answer: b) doesn’t
8.She is liking the movie. a) is liking b) likes
Answer: b) likes
9.We usually don’t goes to bed late. a) don’t goes b) don’t go
Answer: b) don’t go
10.Do he plays soccer on Sundays? a) Do b) Does
Answer: b) Does
11.My parents doesn’t live in this city. a) doesn’t b) don’t
Answer: b) don’t
12.The bus arrive at 8 am. a) arrive b) arrives
Answer: b) arrives
13.She not work on Saturdays. a) not b) doesn’t
Answer: b) doesn’t
14.Do you like ice cream? a) Do b) Does
Answer: a) Do
15.He am a doctor. a) am b) is
Answer: b) is
Bài tập hiện tại đơn có đáp án
Dưới đây là một số bài tập, các bạn xem đáp án ở phía sau.
Exercise 1. Chuyển đổi các câu cho sẵn sang thể khẳng định, phủ định và nghi vấn.
Thể khẳng định | Thể phủ định | Thể nghi vấn |
We go shopping every weekend. | ||
Does it rain every afternoon in the hot season? | ||
They don’t like to hang out during weekdays. | ||
The Earth revolves around the Sun. | ||
She only eats fish. |
|
|
How often do they watch movie? | ||
Does he drink tea for breakfast? | ||
I don’t know how to play piano. |
|
|
Your exam starts at 09:00. |
|
|
|
Is London a large city? |
Exercise 2. Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
1. My brother always ………………………….. Saturday dinner. (make)
2. Ruth ………………………….. eggs; they ………………………….. her ill. (not eat; make)
3. “Have you got a light, by any chance?” “Sorry, I …………………………..” (smoke)
4………………………….. Mark ………………………….. to school every day? (go)
5………………………….. your parents ………………………….. your boyfriend? (like)
6. How often ………………………….. you ………………………….. hiking? (go)
7. Where ………………………….. your sister …………………………..? (work)
8. Ann …………………………… usually ………………………….. lunch. (not have)
9. Who ………………………….. the ironing in your house? (do)
10. We ………………………….. out once a week. (hang)
Exercise 3. Hoàn thành các câu sau (Sử dụng thể khẳng định hoặc phủ định).
Ví dụ:
0. Claire is very open-minded. She knows (know) lots of people.
-> We’ve got plenty of chairs, thanks. We don’t want(not want) any more.
1. My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult. He ………………………….. (speak) French.
2. Most students live quite close to the college, so they ……………………. (walk) there every day.
3. How often ………………………….. you ………………………….. (look) in a mirror?
4. I’ve got four cats and two dogs. I ………………………….. (love) animals.
5. No breakfast for Mark, thanks. He ………………………….. (eat) breakfast.
6. What’s the matter? You ………………………….. (look) very happy.
7. Don’t try to ring the bell. It ………………………….. (work).
8. I hate telephone answering machines. I just ………………………….. (like) talking to them.
9. Matthew is good at basketball. He ………………………….. (win) every game.
10. We always travel by bus. We ………………………….. (own) a car.
Exercise 4. Chia những động từ sau ở thì hiện tại đơn để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing task 1 có nghĩa.
The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
The diagrams (1-illustrate) …………………. the way in which cement is made and how it is then used in the process of making concrete. Overall, limestone and clay (2-pass) ……………… through four stages before being bagged ready for use as cement which then (3-account) …………………. for 15% of the four materials used to produce concrete. While the process of making cement (4-use) …………………. a number of tools, the production of concrete (5-require) …………………. only a concrete mixer.
In the first stage of making cement, limestone and clay (6-be) …………….. crushed together to form a powder. This powder (7-be) ……………… then combined in a mixer before passing into a rotating heater which (8-have) ………………… constant heat applied at one end of the tube. The resulting mixture is ground in order to produce cement. The final product is afterwards put into bags ready to be used.
Regarding the second diagram, concrete (9-consist) ……………………… of mainly gravel, which is small stones, and this makes up 50% of the ingredients. The other materials used are sand (25%), cement (15%) and water (10%). These are all poured into a concrete mixer which continually rotates to combine the materials and ultimately produces concrete.
Exercise 5: Cho dạng đúng của những từ trong ngoặc để tạo thành câu có nghĩa.
1. It (be)………………a fact that smart phone (help)………………..us a lot in our life.
2. I often (travel)………………..to some of my favorite destinations every summer.
3. Our Math lesson usually (finish)…………………….at 4.00 p.m.
4. The reason why Susan (not eat)……………………….meat is that she (be)…………a vegetarian.
5. People in Ho Chi Minh City (be)………..very friendly and they (smile)………………a lot.
6. The flight (start)………………..at 6 a.m every Thursday.
7. Peter (not study)…………………………very hard. He never gets high scores.
8. I like oranges and she (like)……………..apples.
9. My mom and my sister (cook)…………………….lunch everyday.
10. They (have)…………………breakfast together every morning.
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1.
Thể khẳng định | Thể phủ định | Thể nghi vấn |
We go shopping every weekend. | We don’t go shopping every weekend. | Do we/ you go shopping every weekend? |
It rains every afternoon in the hot season. | It doesn’t rain every afternoon in the hot season. | Does it rain every afternoon in the hot season? |
They like to hang out during weekdays. | They don’t like to hang out during weekdays. | Do they like to hang out during weekdays? |
The Earth revolves around the Sun. | The Earth doesn’t revolve around the Sun. | Does the Earth revolve around the Sun? |
She only eats fish. | She doesn’t eat fish only. | Does she only eat fish? |
They watch movie every weekend. | They don’t watch movie every weekend. | How often do they watch movie? |
He drinks tea for breakfast. | He doesn’t drink tea for breakfast. | Does he drink tea for breakfast? |
I know how to play piano. | I don’t know how to play piano. | Do you know how to play piano? |
Your exam starts at 09:00. | Your exam doesn’t start at 09:00. | Does your exam start at 09:00? |
London is a large city. | London isn’t a large city. | Is London a large city? |
Exercise 2.
1. makes
2. doesn’t eat; make 3. don’t smoke 4. Does …… go 5. Do …… like |
6. do ….go
7. does … work 8. doesn’t … have 9. does 10. hang |
Exercise 3.
1. doesn’t speak
2. walk 3. do …look 4. love 5. doesn’t eat |
6. look
7. doesn’t work 8. like 9. wins 10. don’t own |
Exercise 4.
1. illustrate
2. pass 3. accounts 4. uses 5. requires |
6. are
7. is 8. has 9. consists |
Exercise 5:
1. is, helps
2. travel 3. finishes 4. doesn’t eat, is 5. are, smile |
6. starts
7. doesn’t study 8. likes 9. cook 10. have
|
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